Pure Tajweed Topics
18. Madd Laazim – Huroof al-Muqatta’aat
20. Full Ghunna Meem and Noon Mushaddad
Madd refers to an object when it is extended from its original position. In other words, it has been elongated or made longer. The same idea is applied to certain letters in the Quran. There are a number of types of Madd, but here only the main or ‘essential’ Madds will be briefly explored.
Secondary Madd (Madd Far’ee) is the lengthening of vowels resulting from the presence of Hamza or Sukoon. Secondary Madd resulting from Hamza are called detached Madd (Madd Munfasil) and joined Madd (Madd Muttasil). As for secondary Madd (Madd Far’ee) which results from Sukoon, it is referred to as temporary Madd (Madd Al-Aa’rid). As well as these, original Madd (Madd Asli) and compulsory Madd (Madd Laazim) are discussed. These different types of Madd occur under different conditions and their durations vary from two to six Harakat.
The use of elongation is an important aspect of Tajweed and it was narrated that Qatadah said:
“I asked Anas: ‘How did the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) recite Quran?’ He replied: ‘Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to elongate the sounds.” [Sunan An-Nasa’i]
There are two letters of Leen, these are Yaa-Saakinah ىْ and Waw-Saakinah وْ. When there is a Yaa-Saakinah after a Fathah [َىْ] or Waw-Saakinah after a Fathah [َوْ], the sound needs to be pronounced correctly stretching them. There are three letters of Madd, and they are Yaa-Saakinah ىْ a Waw-Saakinah وْ and Alif-Saakinah اْ. When the Leen and Madd letters have the related vowels, you need to lengthen the sound slightly, approximately by two Harakat.
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